hundreds of thousands displaced. . 8 This is a free and open source tool that combines crowdsourcing with. (USIP), has been researching the history of election violence in Nigeria . This has largely been one of the causes of violent riots after elections results have been announced, since the political history of Nigeria. impact accountability civic engagement branding source The Social Media Landscape in Nigeria 5. for recruitment into electoral violence in Ado-Odo, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. The history of electoral violence in Nigeria dates back to the 1960s of which one of the root causes of the first military intervention in Nigeria was the massive electoral violence that erupted in the western region during the first republic (Maduagwu, 2012:41). 0 Electoral Violence in Nigeria: Historical Perspective. Since the attainment of Sep 17, 2018 Nigeria's elections have historically been tense, and as the campaign the first time in the country's history—in order to better their fortunes. In this already-troubled election season, Nigeria's history of electoral violence raises significant additional concerns about the possibility of hostilities. ijern. Nigeria being a country with a history of electoral violence has found it difficult to take its rightful place in the comity of developed nation despite having all it takes in boosting its economy and alleviate poverty. Sep 9, 2013 should be set-up to study ways to reduce youths' violence, electoral crime and His interest includes History, National Politics, Conflict Resolution and https:// www2. Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Nigeria, July 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the Sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Within Nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. (2) Declaration of winner where no candidate was fielded. Chief among these are May elections in Venezuela where a General elections were held in Nigeria on 28 and 29 March 2015, the fifth quadrennial election . Additionally, countries with a history of electoral violence often experience a recurrence of such violence, as has been witnessed in Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe. . The 1965 election was therefore a good opportunity for the AG to triumph over the NNDP and regain control of Western Nigeria. pdf retrieved on 15th to make the election a landmark in the chequered political history of Nigeria. The 2005 electoral violence was the worst electoral violence in the country’s political history that led to the death of 193 protestors and the imprisonment of more than 40, 000 people. KEYWORDS Democracy; election rigging; legitimacy; militancy; violence. Already there have been incidents of violenc e, with some states displaying particu-larly troubling signs ahead of the vote. The NIPSS Report (in Ibrahim, 2007), shows that only tides of electoral violence and the attendant precipitating factors that make free and fair election pretty difficult in Nigeria. com ABSTRACT Elections in Nigeria over the years have become much more than a democratic process of acquiring political power. Violence has become synonymous with Nigeria’s political culture such that virtually all elections held so far in the country are violent-ridden (Ojo, 2014). The paper historicizes electoral violence and its implications on the survival of democracy in the Nigeria with major emphasis on the Fourth Republic. Igbuzor, defines electoral violence as: ‘an y act of violence perpetuated in the course of political activities, including pre, during a nd post e lection IFRA-Nigeria epapers series, 2015, n°50. Looking at the history of the Nigeria presidential election- 1979, 1983, electoral fraud and violence, and the credibility of the electoral process is called into . From the 1950s, elections in Nigeria approximated a war wage to determine “who get what, when and how” (Oyediran 1997). Like all Paper-by-Nkolika-Obiano. 2 History of Electoral Fraud Electoral fraud, particularly in 2011 led to significant conflict. It is a means of peaceful change in leadership by the people. raping, torture and killing by the police of opposition activists, the arrest and prosecution on spurious charges of opposition activists, and the arbitrary refusal by the police to allow opposition meetings and campaign rallies to proceed unhindered. org/news/2011/05/16/nigeria-post-election-violence-killed-800 . * and Usman Ahmad Karofi ** Abstracts: This paper explored the relationship between the abuse of drug and youth violence in Nigeria. In fact elections have continually recoded representation deficit since they commenced in 1999. Vote Buying and Violence in Nigerian Election Campaigns. The contentious character of the 2015 presidential election in Nigeria was made possible by the emergence of a viable POST ELECTORAL VIOLENCE AND THE THREAT TO NATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY IN NIGERIA. that Nigeria was attempting to practice democracy without true and sincere democrats. Right from the First Republic, the Nigerian politics is characterized by greed, love of power, violence, assassination, thuggery and election rigging. org/IMG/pdf/political-electoral-violence-nigeria. Already there have been incidents of violence, with some states displaying particularly troubling signs ahead of the vote. Thus, the electoral process in Nigeria, characterized by vote In this article, we take a look at the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to electoral violence in Nigeria. Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Perceptions of linkages between electoral violence and drug use In all of the five research states, a significant portion of those who participated in the FGDs and KIIs linked electoral violence to drug use, sharing a common perception that some candidates distribute drugs to street enforcers during elections THE 2015 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA: THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES could trigger post-election violence that will ex- if the country’s electoral history is anything violence on social development in Nigeria. Through the . elected office brings. pdf politics can inhibit the onset of electoral violence in unconsolidated democracies. Violence on election day itself led to the postponement of vote tabulation and the announcement of results. I. One of the causes of post-election violence in Nigeria is the manipulation or rigging of elections in favor of particular candidates or parties. Forty-one of the In either scenario, stakeholders use conflict, violence, and threat as means to determine, delay, or otherwise influence the results of the election. An expansive literature is emergening which examines electoral violence; however, the scope of the empirical literature tends to be too narrow and focus on single countries, and that of the theoretical literature too broad, generalizing case study evidence to a broad sample. This narration is not far from what obtains in other communities during elections. 2. This study has the potential to contribute in many ways to the general systematic studies of electoral fraud. No doubt, election violence has been the major bane of Nigeria democratic sustainability since 1964 general election. Other specific objectives are 1. Examples include disputed and violent elections in Nigeria where the attendant search for redress through official and unofficial responses has, altogether, been largely trapped in deepening contradictions 1As a concept, electoral violence basically has to do with all forms of organized acts or threats, physical, psychological and structural aimed at intimidating, harming, blackmailing a political stakeholder before, during and after an election with a view to determining, delaying, or The Judiciary and Electoral Fraud in Nigeria Hakeem Onapajo and Ufo Okeke Uzodike Hakeem Onapajo is a PhD candidate in the School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa e-mail: onapajokunle@yahoo. In the Western Region, violent political conflicts, popularly referred to as “operation wet e“, were recorded from 1964 to 1965 following both federal and regional elections as well as rift between Awolowo and Akintola. May 22, 2015 insofar as they reflect a specific history of electoral violence. The Independent National Electoral Commission as established by S. There are always complains and claims of violence in the run-ups to elections, during and after an election. The contentious character of the 2015 presidential election in Nigeria was made possible by the emergence of a viable • The Government of Nigeria should expeditiously bring alleged perpetrators of electoral fraud, violence and other violations of the Electoral Act and Nigerian criminal law to justice, irrespective of their position or political association. Poor electoral processes in Nigeria were evident in 1964/1965, 1979, 1983, 1993, 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015 generalelections but the limit of this enquiry is 1999-2011. In Nigeria, the first post independence election was characterised by violence. Before the 2011 elections, Nigeria had the 1999, 2003 and the 2007 elections considered by both national and international election observers, the Common Wealth Election Monitoring Electoral politics in Nigeria is a brutal affair with a winner-take-all ethos and a history of violence, often driven by local as much as national dynamics. 2 At least 300 Kenyans died prior to the election as a result of politicking and campaigning. like electoral violence, this is also not a recent development in our polity. The major aim of this research was to highlight the very serious electoral violence that Nigeria has witnessed since independence to the extent that it might be right to postulate that Nigeria’s democracy is synonymous with electoral violence and fraud: a feature that is not healthy for our democratic process. Electoral violence in the First Republic of Nigeria’s civil democratic realities showcases a nation in absolute hostage situation. 1. like DR Congo, Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe are often characterised by hate campaigns, mudslinging and electoral violence which often threaten their post-election peacebuilding and national integration. Most incidences of electoral violence Jul 22, 2015 Nigeria, General Elections 2015 competitive elections were marred by incidents of violence, abuse of incumbency at state and federal levels Jan 2, 2015 these pivotal elections includes a history of Muslim-Christian sectarian violence, relentless Boko Haram attacks and threats against Christians. It is an endemic feature of most of the developing world political systems. In the current politicians usually want to cut corners. ongoing, conceptual terrain, theoretical frame work, belief history of political violence in Nigeria, political violence and social development in Nigeria, recommendations and conclusion. parties. 3. violence but includes other coercive means, such as the threat of violence, intimidation and harassment. First is the perception of historic marginalization by certain ethnic groups as a consequence of At the same time in the regions of Nigeria, different forms of major violent threats are rising. 27 Onuoha, Elegbede. 9. pdf. Electoral violence has caused a whole lot of harm to the socio economic development of Nigeria. Brief History of Political Violence in Nigeria Political violence has been part of human history, present in the history of all humanity for ages. This paper aims at the following: to examine the effect between youths’ violence and electoral process in Nigeria to examine the role youths play in the electoral process to examine reasons why youths are easy target for electoral violence The anatomy of the causes of electoral violence in Nigeria. Rifts between the North and the South of the country, ethnic groups, and Islam and Christianity often coincide and have sometimes resulted in sectarian violence. 3 Electoral violence can erode a people’s faith in democratic processes. This is a particularly important moment in Africa’s history. The trends of electoral violence in Nigeria has been overwhelming Violence and electoral fraud have trailed most elections in African countries. In 2015 we will continue to see how social media networks engage with politicians, and the electoral results themselves. State recorded low . One records the votes cast at polling stations; the other, the number of people killed around the time of the election; as violence is an integral part of Nigerian politics. 5 This reflects the fact that competitive politics had never been keener. Don’t distort history, Abiola gave POST ELECTORAL VIOLENCE AND THE THREAT TO NATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY IN NIGERIA. Under the present dispensation, the incidence of electoral fraud has taken centre stage in the country since 1999. and electoral violence reached new heights6. People have devise and lived under various forms of government parties. September 2010 Nigeria is a country of overlapping regional, religious, and ethnic divisions. Historical Background to Electoral Violence in Nigeria In the words of Alanamu (2005), the history of violence in Nigeria politics dates back to colonial era. That the Nigerian Police officers were not neutral and vigilant in the 2011senatorial election in Lagos, Ogun and Oyo states, Nigeria. This paper explores the effect of hate speech on pre, during and post election violence in Nigeria. The authors find . about the causes of electoral violence had been raised. associated with poverty, slow growth, and civil war history. violence, involving intimidation, manipulation, detentions of political opponents, torture, and political assassinations. as the most violent, poorly and massively rigged in the history of Nigeria's electoral history. Electoral Violence In Nigeria; History, Causes, Effects And Way Forward. (4) Disqualification of candidates envisaged to be a threat to a favoured candidate uncertainties and violence. (3) Inflation of electoral register in order result. elections in Nigeria. The history of election management bodies in Nigeria dates back tothe. The paper explores how electoral violence can be solved through proactive measures taken by state and non-state actors. It is found out that the major causes of The findings from the study will give more insight into the nature and character of electoral violence in Nigeria. of the country (Southwest, Southeast, and North), based on their recent history of. Nigeria's political history. The April 2011 elections were considered to be one of Nigeria's fairest polls; they were also among the bloodiest in the country's history. In Benue state, electoral violence has been in the form of specifically targeted attacks and assassinations, usually seen in the pre-election phase. By 7 February 2015, threats of post-election violence from both sides remained a concern, given that hundreds of people died in the rioting . To find out if the 2011 presidential election in Nigeria was marred by electoral fraud in some areas. Electoral . - Security forces are also key catalysts in electoral violence, as they often exacerbate cases where they intervene. All the elections that have ever been conducted in Nigeria since independence have generated increasingly bitter controversies and grievances on a national scale because of the twin problems of mass violence and fraud that have become central elements of the history of elections and of the electoral process in the country (Gberie, 2011). Violence on the Horizon: Violence and Conflict 2018-2019 by David Carment and James Floch April 2018 Page 1 Violence on the Horizon: Elections and Conflict 2018-2019 n 2018 the world will witness 63 elections, 20 of which will occur in highly unstable or conflict-ridden states. democratic stability of Nigeria. In concluding the paper, note was Elections and Political Violence in Nigeria: Past Mistakes and Challenges Ahead Abdullahi, M. Other forms of electoral Fraud: (1) Appointment or selection of partisan electoral officials. Election-related violence is not a new phenomenon in Nigeria as it has origin in the history of electioneering in the country. Electoral Violence in Nigeria Electoral violence has been defined as any form of physical force applied at disorganizing the electoral process, destruction of electoral materials, and by many observers including the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES), were violent. The history of elections in Nigeria since 1959 till date has, largely, been characterised by thuggery and violence among other notable electoral vices. The expansion and con- Electoral violence is a form of violence that is associated mainly with the process of elections in a given society precisely a democratic setup or in the process of democratic transition. A cursory look at democratic history of Nigeria reveals that of electoral cum political violence that sometimes threaten the country to its very foundation. The violence that occur before, during and after which the elections must have taken place (post-election violence) often bring about instability in the political system in most Africa countries without excluding Nigeria. 3 The election violence that wracked the country in 2007 and 2008 was, unfortunately, not an anomaly—not for Kenya and not for sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria since Independence History Project. John Campbell. It is the first time in the history of elections in Nigeria that the ruling political party racy%20and%20Good%20Governance. org/media/html/WP11Cohen. This is so as a watershed in. Firstly, existing country-specific Abstracts: This paper explored the relationship between the abuse of drug and youth violence in Nigeria. -and-conflict- prevention-guide/Elections-Conflict-Prevention. history of electoral violence in Nigeria, an investigation of the causes of electoral violence, clarify the place of internally displaced person and people with disabilities within the concept of popular participation in Nigeria, and study suggests ways on how to move forward. Finally, gang violence has resulted in several deaths recently, particularly in the Niger Delta Mar 24, 2015 beyond previous quantitative research on electoral violence, this paper Côte d' Ivoire, Egypt, Nigeria, Guatemala and Thailand have also been marred Weber, the more structural approaches of historical and sociological Feb 12, 2019 factors that lead to electoral violence in Nigerian democratic contexts and from empirical analysis of pre, during History of Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Again, since the scope of the study will cover the present democratic dispensation, the findings will give an insight into the degree of electoral violence in general elections in Nigeria and Delta State in particular. Ibadan: University. Mar 26, 2018 Campaigning in the Nigeria elections in 2015. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Nigeria electoral history has been Elections: Reported Disruption In Okrika, Rivers State VOTING MATERIALS CORNERED IN RIVERS- #NIGERIADECIDES Situation Report in Port Harcourt Rivers state Election crisis in River State,Nigeria Drug Abuse, Youth Violence and Social Order: A Study of Petroleum Hawkers in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria Usman Isah Ndashiru A. III. Violence and electoral fraud have trailed most elections in African countries. nigeriawatch. We examined the involvement of vigilante in crime fighting and electoral and election related violence as to ascertain the connection, if any. ABSTRACT Leadership succession in Nigeria has before the 2003 elections, assumed a problematic status. The trend has remained the same. analyze electoral violence and security changes in Nigeria, particularly as it tries to draw lessons from the 2011 general election in the country. Meanwhile, a populace numbed by poverty, rotting roads, paltry electricity, deplorable health and education facilities, and the widespread risk of armed robbery and kidnapping will grumble, mount spasmodic street protests, and keep on keeping on. Jega, OFR Department of Political Science Bayero University, Kano Presentation at the First University of Abuja Public Lecture Series, Thursday October 29, 2015 Introduction Given the fact that elections are the major pillar of leadership Kehinde Akinfenwa ELECTORAL violence is perhaps the most pronounced challenge to Africa’s democratic resilience. Definition of Terms Conceptualizing Political Violence Violence is defined as "the illegitimate and unauthorized use of force to effect decisions against the will or desires of other people in the society"(Wolf, 1969). The petroleum hawkers who were almost exclusively males, within the age bracket 15-35 years and with a penchant for violence in the city of Minna, Nigeria , had their activities examined as a reference point for youth violence. Suffice it to say that contingent upon the debilitating effect of electoral. about democracy and post- electoral violence in Nigeria and want to The Menudo Story. Particularly in developing countries, like Nigeria, Electoral violence in Nigeria is caused by electoral fraud and manipulation of figures and data to deny the rightful winners their popular mandates given to them and certified by the elec- toral process. It argues that the high incidence of electoral violence (pre and post) in the Fourth Republic in particular is closely associated with neo-patrimonial character of the Nigerian state, Violence generally is a repeller of investment as nobody wants to invest in a country that isn’t carried peaceful coexistence. Disputed presidential polls in Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Kenya, and Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria-PART 1- ESTABLISHMENT AND FUNCTIONS ETC, OF INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION. Please click here for the pdf link to the full 53 page study. General Studies Directorate Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria E-mail: Muktarabdullahi68@gmail. so, the paper examines the history of electoral contest in Nigeria with a view not The second element, a direct consequence of the first, is electoral violence. Jan 8, 2019 election, political exclusion and national integration in Nigeria. This development in part had made democratic consolidation somehow problematic, and on the other hand Since independence, Nigeria electoral history has been obsessed with violence. By. In West Africa, women’s organizations have created the Women’s Situation Room (WSR) - an initiative that conducts bottom-up consultations, trainings, advocacy and monitoring aimed at preventing electoral violence and promoting peaceful and fair elections, with women’s direct participation and engagement. ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: MAPPING, EVOLUTION AND PATTERNS (JUNE 2006- MAY 2014) 3 southern part of the country is more affected by the high prevalence of criminal gangs. the jinx of winning gubernatorial election in Nigeria; however, 4 women were elected as Deputy Governors in states such as Lagos, Rivers, Ogun and Enugu respectively. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Nigeria Peace and Security Working Group Election Scenarios and Recommendations 19th January 2015 5 Electoral violence in this region exists in starkly different forms. Apr 17, 2015 fraud and violence on Nigeria's democracy as well as its remedies. In such hotspots, the Nigerian authorities The paper historicizes electoral violence and its implications on the survival of democracy in the Nigeria with major emphasis on the Fourth Republic. in June 12, 1993 presidential election in Nigeria. The historical trajectory of electoral process in the post colonial Nigerian is characterised by violence. 153 of the Constitution-(a) shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession; and (b) may sue or be sued in its corporate name. 4 Election-Related Violence and Security Challenges in Nigeria. 4 Indeed, Straus has noted that electoral violence is on the increase in African democracies. Most of the violence http://www. a difficult task today more than any time in history. However, results for all districts had still not been announced by January 26, 2012, due to persistent violence. The broad objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of electoral fraud and violence on Nigeria‟s democracy with particular reference to 2011 presidential election in Nigeria. As a mechanism of democratic transition of government, the secret ballot box system has been preferable to the open ballot system in Nigeria. Rifts between Mar 8, 2018 This article examines the 2011 Nigerian post-election violence with The most affected state, Kaduna State, has a history of violent local Electoral violence had been a permanent feature of Nigeria's democratic to be the most organized, free and fair in the country electoral history (Gberie, 2011). Causes of Electoral Violence The causes of electoral violence are multifaceted, and can be divided into two broad categories: first, structural fac-tors related to the underlying power structures prevalent in Letter in Response to Electoral Violence in Nigeria. hrw. However . violence on the nation’s political landscape, a galaxy of questions and posers. It posits mudslinging and electoral violence which often threaten . 26 http://www. intensity electoral violence. reaction to the electoral process. Electoral fraud has been one of the major impediments to political representation in Nigeria. edu/rtrader/handouts/Statistics/spss. Prevalent forms of this violence exude in assassinations, arsons, violence-pruned campaigns, thuggery, election-related ethno-religious crisis, snatching of ballot boxes among others. Table 2 Women Representation in 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015 General Elections in Nigeria S/ N POSITION NO OF AVAILAB LE SEATS NO OF WOMEN ELECTED IN 1999 NO OF WOME N The Commission of Inquiry on Post-Election Violence (2009) that investigated Kenya’s 2007/08 post-election violence attributed the country’s history of electoral violence to a combination of long-standing conflict drivers. The history of elections in Nigeria is replete with records of violence and malpractices. To be precise, elections are the best means to make the sovereign power of the masses known. Read · Edit · View history PDF | On Jan 10, 2017, Anthony Egobueze and others published Electoral Violence in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Implications for Political This study examines electoral violence in Nigeria's Fourth chequered history of conflicts [1 ]. Muhammadu Buhari—a Muslim and former military head of state with cult following in the north—was chosen as APC’s presidential candi- date. his paper provides an overview of youth's participation in Election and Electoral violence in Africa, using Nigeria as the case of departure. The history of http://www. Incidence of Electoral Violence in Nigeria The incidence of electoral violence in Nigeria is as plethora as they are intimidating. This work highlights historical and contemporary electoral violence in Nigeria. 2 Corentin *COHEN Violence between and within political parties in Nigeria: statistics, structures and patterns (2006–2014) Executive Summary. It was in the context of this contest between AG (the ‘presumed dominant force’ in Yoruba politics) and NNDP (the ‘actual dominant force’) that the electoral violence of 1965 occurred. It was recommended that election management bodies should be given more autonomy in the management of elections. 2007, there was . nigeria. 11 Electoral violence in Nigeria is a classic elite affairarising from the inordinate struggle for places in the federal republic of nigeria national beijing + 25 review produced by the federal ministry of women affairs and social development may 2019 like DR Congo, Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe are often characterised by hate campaigns, mudslinging and electoral violence which often threaten their post-election peacebuilding and national integration. Eliminating electoral violence is one the greatest challenges facing democracy in Nigeria. com Ufo Okeke Uzodike is Professor of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa democracy in 1999, elections from the local to national levels suggest that Nigeria’s democratic system is still very weak going by the post-election violence that marred the 2011 elections. This has been the case particularly in its geographical center and in the Niger Delta region. geria’s Boko Haram violence, as a result of the street poverty and the rise of unemployed street beggars, popularly known as Almajiris, and their use for electoral and party violence, was encouraged by the ne-glect and abandonment of the masses by the governors and other elected leaders. • Past election cycles have featured political assassinations, voter intimidation, intra- and violence but includes other coercive means, such as the threat of violence, intimidation and harassment. pdf In the past few years, very violent elections have occurred in countries such as Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Nigeria, and history of violent electoral contests. This report offers a brief overview of electoral violence in Nigeria, examines Nigeria's prospects for a nonviolent political transition in 2011, and concludes with recommendations for a In the 2011 general elections in Nigeria, the Independent National Election Commission (INEC), the electoral management body (EMB) that organized the elections pulled what may pass as an electoral feat in achieving one of the most open, credible, peaceful and transparent elections within Nigeria’s recent memory. By definition, electoral violence could be regarded as elections-motivated-crisis employed to alter, change or influence by force or coercion, the electoral behavior of voters or voting patterns or Thus, for some, since the south has held the presidency for 12 of the 15 years of civilian rule since 1999 means that the north has lost its leverage in the north-south equation. This paper however concludes with recommendations of policy options to remedy the menace of electoral violence in Nigeria. Incidentally, as observed by Agubamah (2008), the spate of electoral violence and deadly conflicts in the general elections in Nigeria seems to lend credence to the notion that in most of Africa, Nigeria inclusive, electoral conflict and violence increase tremendously as elections approach or after elections. In fact, recent manifestations of electoral violence, most importantly since the birth of the Fourth Republic in 1999 have Full Text: PDF Feb 25, 2018 The study was reliant on electoral violence theory by Hoglund (2009). That the Nigerian Police officers were not effective in ensuring electoral security in the 2011 senatorial election of Lagos, Ogun and Oyo states, Nigeria H2. It is a formal decision-making process by which population chooses an individual to hold public office. Electoral violence, vote-buying and Nigeria’s future elections. When conflict or violence occurs, it is not a result of an electoral process; it is the breakdown of an electoral process. Nigeria’s socio-political landscape has been infested by terrific violence; the government is reactive to violence instead of been proactive. In such hotspots, the Nigerian authorities Political and Electoral Violence in East Africa 17. Causes of Electoral Violence The causes of electoral violence are multifaceted, and can be divided into two broad categories: first, structural fac-tors related to the underlying power structures prevalent in Nigeria, results of elections come in two separate columns. The petroleum hawkers who were almost exclusively males, within the age bracket 15-35 parties. The evidence showed that patrimonialism as the style of politics, the types of elections, the type of electoral system and election administration are the main causes of election violence in Africa. Electoral politics in Nigeria is a brutal affair with a winner-take-all ethos and a history of violence, often driven by local as much as national dynamics. mcdaniel. Keywords: Presidential Elections, Incumbency, Opposition, INEC. the judicial system and the incidence of electoral fraud in Nigeria, arguing that the nature of the judicial system in contemporary Nigeria can certainly promote electoral fraud. Abstract. Key Words: Election, Electoral Violence, Political Violence, Democracy, Nigeria Electoral Violence in Nigeria Summary • Nigeria’s 2011 polls will mark the fourth multiparty election in Nigeria and, if a power transfer occurs, only the second handover of civilian administrations since the country’s return to democracy in 1999. We have for some examined the effect of hate speech on electoral violence in Nigeria especially from 2010 to 2015. The first recorded electoral violence in post colonial Nigeria occurred in 1964. According to Obakhedo (2011: 99), electoral violence is one of the greatest obstacles in Nigeria including some Local Government Areas (LGA) in Lagos. Even the winner of the presidential pool, a person of President Umaru open elections. Others have placed Nigeria's history of electoral violence within the door step of vote rigging, dodgy politics, ballot snatching at gun points, Nigerian voters to oppose electoral violence was successful in reducing the . Chika Charles Aniekwe 3. Electoral Reforms in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects By Professor Attahiru M. com/journal/September-2013/36. While electoral violence has been a constant theme in Nigeria’s history since independence, contributing to the collapse of previous attempts at entrenching democratic system of governance, the scale and intensity of election-related violence since the return to democracy in 1999 seems to dwarf what the country experience in the past. "Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria" (PDF). Second, sad memories of the 2011 post-election violence and. Electoral politics in Nigeria is a brutal affair with a winner-take-all ethos and a history of violence, often driv en by local as much as national dynamics. time in Nigeria's history, domestic and international observers described them Jun 29, 2016 While there was post-election violence in Nigeria in 2011 and Kenya in. People have devise and lived under various forms of government Electoral malpractices in Nigeria: causes, effects, and solutions a year ago 41499 views by Andrella Tersoo Elections are part of any democratic process. This research will give an in-depth analysis of the 2015 polls in Nigeria. The history of electoral violence in Nigeria has been covered in the works of scholars like Akintola, Albert, Post & Vickers, Lewis, Sklar, Diamond, Osaghae, Mitee, and Kolawole. Legal complaints arising from the polls should be promptly adjudicated. It is an attempt to willfully compromise the integ- rity of the electoral process or system to achieve unmerited INTRODUCTION Nigeria is a country of overlapping regional, religious, and ethnic divisions. Jan 24, 2018 Article Information, PDF download for Electoral Violence and the House of war: The story of Awo's followers and collapse of Nigeria's second Electoral Violence in Nigeria in 2007, 2011 and 2015 … a conceptual orientation will be given, secondly, the history of democracy in Nigeria will be conferred, Spots in the 2011 General Elections in Nigeria. elections marked a positive shift in Nigeria's history of political violence. Acts of violence between or within political parties in Nigeria are usually associated with general elections and their spectacular death toll. Overtime, electoral violence also has a negative effect on democracy, consistent and unabated electoral violence has often led to the military taking over government in Nigeria. history of electoral violence in nigeria pdf
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